抗過敏藥 Levocetirizine (舒敏寧,驅異樂)

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23139	健保碼	A049833100
商品名	LEVOZINE 5MG	藥品許可證	衛署藥製字第049833號
中文名	舒敏寧膜衣錠	健保局藥理類別	040800 第二代抗組織胺劑
學名	Levocetirizine	外觀描述	外觀圖示
類別	PHR	劑量	TAB
抗生素		管制藥
仿單	LEVOZINE
孕婦用藥分級	B 級： 在對照的動物生殖研究試驗中未顯示該藥物有胚胎毒性，但尚無完整的人體懷孕婦女研究試驗資料；或者在動物生殖對照研究試驗中發現該藥物有不良反應（大於降低生育力之反應），但在對照的人體懷孕婦女研究試驗中，未顯示該藥物有胚胎毒性。

結構式
2-(2-{4-[(R)-(4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}ethoxy)acetic acid
藥理作用
Levocetirizine, an enantiomer of cetirizine, is an antihistamine that selectively inhibits the effect of H(1)-receptors .
適應症
治療成人及六歲以上孩童因過敏性鼻炎、慢性蕁麻疹等所引起的各種過敏徵狀。
用法用量
1. 成人及十二歲以上青少年：建議每日劑量為5mg。 2. 老年患者：具有中度到嚴重腎功能障礙的老年患者，需調整其劑量。 3. 六歲至十二歲孩童：建議每日劑量為5mg。
藥動力學
Absorption Rapidly and extensively absorbed. T max is 0.9 h. C max is 270 and 308 ng/mL after single and repeated once-daily dosing, respectively. Steady state achieved after 2 days. Food delayed T max by approximately 1.25 h and decreased C max by approximately 36%. Distribution Plasma protein binding is approximately 92%. Vd is approximately 0.4 L/kg. Metabolism Metabolism is less than 14% and by aromatic oxidation, N- and O-dealkylation, and taurine conjugation. Elimination The half-life is about 8 to 9 h. Elimination is 85.4% and 12.9% via urine and feces, respectively. Excreted both by glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion.
副作用
頭痛、嗜睡、口乾、疲勞。
交互作用
No formal in vivo drug-drug interaction studies have been performed with levocetirizine. Drug interaction studies have been performed with racemic cetirizine. Alcohol, CNS depressants Additive CNS depressant effects; concurrent use should be avoided. Food Food had no effect on the extent of levocetirizine exposure; however, the half-life was delayed about 1.25 hours and the C max was decreased about 36% after administration with a high-fat meal. Levocetirizine may be taken without regard to food. Ritonavir Cetirizine AUC and half-life may be increased, while Cl may be decreased. The risk of adverse reactions may be increased. Theophylline May decrease cetirizine Cl.
禁忌
1. 對Levocetirizine過敏，或對本藥中任何成分過敏，亦或對piperazine衍生物過敏的患者，應避免使用本藥。 2. 嚴重腎功能障礙者（creatinine clearance < 10 ml/min）禁用。
注意事項
若對galactose無耐受力，或Lapp lactase缺乏，或有glucose-galactose吸收障礙等遺傳疾病者，不應使用本藥。
過量處理
症狀：若服用過量時，成人會有嗜睡的現象，孩童則會先興奮不安，而後伴隨睏倦。 對於levocetirizine過量並無特殊的解毒劑。建議以徵狀治療。以可考慮洗胃（服用短期內）。血液透析對levocetirizine的排除無效。
藥品保存方式
25℃以下儲存。